--- title: "Qualification" canonical: "https://anchor.is/the-hysteresis/issue/9/qualification" publication: "The Hysteresis" publisher: "The Hysteresis" language: "en-US" guide: "https://anchor.is/the-hysteresis/llms.txt" permalink: "https://anchor.is/the-hysteresis/issue/9/qualification" issue: 9 section: "qualification" description: "Pack-level requirements, test conditions, and standards by application" authors: ["Ronan Adike"] published: 2026-08-10 updated: 2026-08-08 articles: 18 --- # The Hysteresis > The Hysteresis exists to give a small cross-functional team — strategy, investment, and procurement — a shared weekly instrument for reading the battery supply chain earlier than consensus. Success means the team consistently identifies inflection points in cell pricing, supplier health, and policy enforcement weeks or months before they surface in earnings calls, annual surveys, or trade press. The commercial mechanism is internal-first: the publication proves itself as a decision tool inside the organization, then extends to paid subscribers and a practitioner community as upside. Revenue follows utility — if the team makes better-timed procurement calls and competitive assessments because of what they read here, the publication earned its place. [Read on the website]() ## Issue 9 — Qualification Pack-level requirements, test conditions, and standards by application ### Drone Standards Map - [The Standards Map — Drone/UAV Pack-Level Qualification]() — By [Ronan Adike]() · Published 2026-08-08 · Format: The Standards Map Six standards touch drone pack qualification: ASTM F3005, F2910, UL 3030, IEC 62619 or 62133-2, ISO 24352, and UN 38.3. Each was written for a different object — the battery, the installed electrical system, or the aircraft — and each disclaims the territory the others occupy. For thermal-runaway propagation, operational vibration, pack crush, EMC, and IP rating, no single document supplies both a test method and an acceptance criterion. This map traces each standard's scope boundary at clause level and names where the gaps sit. ### Parameter Lookup Cards Eight DVP parameter classes span pack qualification for eVTOL, drone, humanoid robotics, and UUV applications. Publicly accessible numeric thresholds are scarce across all eight. Aviation programs operate under DO-311A, DO-160G, and EASA MOC frameworks, but most setpoints sit behind licensed text. The remaining three application domains borrow from IEC 62619 where applicable or define thresholds at the program level. Each card identifies the governing standard with edition and clause where one exists. Where a threshold is public, it is stated. Where licensed text is required or no standard governs, the card identifies what the DVP owner must define and why the gap exists. Last verified: 8 August 2026. - **Pack Propagation Thresholds Public for eVTOL Only** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Tag: Thermal Propagation eVTOL: EASA MOC-3 specifies 55°C stabilization, triggering 20% of cells, 8-hour post-test monitoring. DO-311A Appendix C sets additional thresholds; licensed text required. Drones: IEC 62619 Cl. 7.3.3 borrowed; no UAS-specific acceptance criteria exist. Humanoid and UUV: program-defined. No governing standard addresses either application. - **No Standard Publishes a Pack Cycle Threshold** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Tag: Cycle Life Program-defined across all four applications. No reviewed standard publishes a pack-level cycle count, DOD condition, temperature condition, or capacity retention floor for eVTOL, drone, humanoid, or UUV packs. The 80% retention convention traces to EV-industry practice, not to a governing standard for these domains. DVP owner sets all values. - **Charge Rate Acceptance Criteria Fully Program Defined** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Tag: Charge Rate Program-defined across all four applications. EASA air-operations rules require documentation of the charging envelope but set no universal C-rate acceptance criterion. IEC 62619 Cl. 8 addresses overcharge abuse tolerance, not charge-rate acceptance. DVP owner defines rate, temperature bounds, and SOC window. - **Mechanical Abuse Pack Tests Governed in Aviation Only** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Tag: Mechanical Abuse eVTOL: EASA MOC SC-VTOL requires ESS drop from 15.2 m minimum; post-drop fire or leakage contained 15 minutes. DO-160G Sec. 7/8 governs vibration and shock profiles by program-selected category. Drones: no single governing standard. Humanoid fall-induced abuse: unaddressed by any standard. UUV: ABS requires impact protection; no numeric profiles published. Program-defined where noted. - **DO-160G Governs Aviation; Others Are Program Defined** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Tag: Environmental Envelope eVTOL: DO-160G Sec. 4 governs temperature and altitude by program-selected category. Category range spans 0°C/+55°C through -55°C/+95°C depending on installation location. UUV: ABS requires design-depth pressure testing; no numeric margin, ramp rate, or temperature condition published. Drones and humanoid: program-defined with no governing standard. - **EMC Delegated to End Device; IP Rating Unspecified** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Tag: EMC IP IEC 62619:2022 delegates EMC compliance to the end-device application standard. eVTOL: DO-160G Sec. 21 governs EMC by program-selected category. No reviewed standard mandates a minimum IP rating for battery packs in any of the four applications. IP test method per IEC 60529; rating is program-defined. - **UN 38.3 Governs Transport, Not Pack Qualification** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Tag: Transport Classification UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Rev. 8 + Amendment 1 (2025) governs lithium battery transport classification. 49 CFR 173.185 thresholds: 20 Wh/cell, 100 Wh/battery for small-cell exception. Scope is shipment eligibility only. Does not address installed-system safety, propagation containment, or mission qualification. Not a substitute for pack-level DVP entries. - **BMS Functions Governed; Numeric Setpoints Need Licensed Text** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Tag: BMS Requirements eVTOL: DO-311A requires real-time monitoring, overcharge/overcurrent protection, redundant architecture, and DO-254 DAL-A for critical hardware. Numeric setpoints require licensed text. Drones: IEC 62619 Cl. 8 borrowed. UUV: ABS requires SOC/SOH monitoring at design depth; no numeric values published. Humanoid: fully program-defined. ### Research Inputs - **Safety assessment for battery thermal runaway propagation for urban air mobility** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Fault tree analysis under EASA SC-VTOL/MOC-3 finds manned eVTOL TRP targets require containment plus thermal barriers (17.3% battery mass penalty); UAV targets are met with barriers alone (6.4%). Same cells, same failure rate. Divergence tracks platform occupancy class. Analysis-derived, not regulator-approved. DVP implication? Platform occupancy class, not cell chemistry, sets the required TRP mitigation tier. UAV test evidence does not close manned eVTOL containment rows. Scope limits? Prismatic cells only; no aged-cell propagation behavior, no non-thermal propagation paths, no DO-311A simultaneous-initiation scenario. Provenance: ANALYSIS-DERIVED. - **Development and HIL validation of observer-based monitoring algorithms of battery packs for eVTOL UAV applications** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Compares Luenberger, Kalman, and Sliding-Mode observers for pack-level SOC and SOT estimation, validated via HIL against flight-mission load profiles. The three-stage method (HPPC model ID, observer selection by convergence speed and compute cost, HIL validation) gives a citable pattern for BMS DVP rows needing flight-representative evidence beyond simulation. DVP application? Provides a referenceable HPPC-to-HIL validation sequence for BMS sensor-accuracy rows, with explicit observer-selection criteria across three architectures. Access constraint? Full text is paywalled. Specific error bounds and convergence times require Elsevier access before entering DVP acceptance fields. ### Standard Selection Guide - ["Drone" Does Not Select a Standard]() — By [Ronan Adike]() · Published 2026-08-08 Neither [IEC 62133-2:2017+A1:2021](https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/iec/iec62133ed2021) nor [IEC 62619:2022](https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/iec/iec62619ed2022) lists UAS as a scope example. The word "drone" does not resolve the selection; product configuration and use context do. ### Source Documents - **ASTM F3005-22: Standard Specification for Batteries for Use in Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Battery-only scope, subordinate to F2910 per §1.3. Active standard, 5 pages, $72. - **ASTM F2910-22: Standard Specification for Design and Construction of a Small Unmanned Aircraft System** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Platform-level spec governing sUAS ≤25 kg MTOW. Parent document to F3005. Active, 6 pages, $72. - **ANSI/CAN/UL 3030: Standard for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Covers installed electrical system and charger, not airworthiness. Aug 2024 revision is reaffirmation only. - **FAA UAS Certification Pathways: Type Certificate, Production Certificate, Airworthiness Certificate** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Three-certificate framework overview. Page last updated Sep 2024; predates AC 21.17-4 and Part 22 changes (July 2025). - **IEC 62619:2022 — Secondary Lithium Cells and Batteries for Industrial Applications, Safety Requirements** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 Edition 2.0. Industrial scope: AGV, marine, stationary. Excludes road vehicles. 2026 stability date indicates maintenance review, not withdrawal. - **IEC 62133-2:2017+AMD1:2021 — Portable Lithium Cells and Batteries, Safety Requirements** — [Source]() — Published 2026-08-08 This link (pub. 65948) is the 11-page amendment only. For the full integrated text, order the consolidated version at pub. 70017. ## Other sections in Issue 9 - [Signal]() - [China]() - [Korea]() - [The Log]() - [Defense]() ## More - [Publication guide]() - [Issue archive]()