The Underline Series — Chapter 4
I. DELLA
The document landed at 04:47. Someone in the compact secretariat had queued it before going to bed. Credit for urgency without the inconvenience of being awake when it hit.
Della read it standing at the kitchen counter in Toppenish, coffee cooling, the Successor asleep in the back room. The house still held the night's chill from evaporative panels she'd spent three weekends repairing with gasket material traded from a woman in Sunnyside who wanted reading glasses and accepted a pair of 2.5-magnification bifocals Della had been carrying for six months against exactly this kind of exchange.
Basin Compact Seasonal Operating Notice. Period 3. June 23 through August 31, 2069.
She read the header twice. Always twice, because the header was where they set the frame. Period 3 was the summer fish-migration window. The compact had inherited the old federal season boundaries — spring through June 22, summer from June 23 — and in the inheritance had preserved the assumption that those dates still matched the river's thermal calendar. They hadn't matched in years. The river's summer started three weeks earlier now. The form didn't have a field for that.
Target flows. Lower Granite, 87 kcfs weekly average. McNary, 224. Priest Rapids, 135. The Dalles, 218.
The numbers were adequate. They satisfied the volume protocols the compact had ratified six years ago, when the treaty nations fought for flow minimums and got them, and she had sat in the Spokane session for eleven hours and called it a victory because it was one. Eighty-seven thousand cubic feet per second at Lower Granite. She had wanted eighty and gotten eighty-seven. She remembered how it felt to win a number.
Draft authorization. Dworshak, 620 kaf. Canadian storage contribution, 1,800 kaf. Brownlee, 140 kaf by July 31.
She set the coffee down.
Dworshak at 620. Last year, 780. Year before, 850. The cold pool was shrinking because the snowpack that fed it was shrinking, and 620 was the number the reservoir actually held. Honest number. Also not enough to cool the lower Snake below 20 degrees for more than a few weeks of the migration window. Everyone who'd signed the notice knew it. Signed it, queued it, went to sleep.
She scrolled to Appendix C. Water Quality Monitoring Parameters.
Temperature was listed. Always listed. Listed as a monitoring parameter with reporting thresholds at 18°C and 20°C and a notation: Exceedances reported to Compact Water Quality Board within 72 hours of observation. No operational constraint implied.
Seven words. She had fought those seven words for two sessions and lost both times. The power caucus argued that temperature-based operational constraints would make the flow targets unachievable. True. And that unachievable targets would collapse the compact's enforcement credibility. Also true. They were right. The system couldn't move water and cool water at the volumes the fish needed and the temperatures the fish needed, not under the current snowpack regime. So the compact had chosen the unit it could control and made the unit it couldn't control advisory.
The Successor's door opened. Bare feet on hallway tile. Seventeen years old and she moved through the house like she was trying not to leave evidence of having been there.
"There's oatmeal," Della said without turning.
"I saw."
"Eat it before the heat."
No answer. Which meant the girl was standing in the doorway reading Della's back. She'd been doing it since she was nine, when she arrived with a garbage bag of clothes and a stillness Della recognized because she'd put it there, one generation removed, by failing the generation between them.
"What happened?"
"Seasonal allocation. Nothing happened."
"You're standing like something happened."
"I don't have a filing posture."
"You absolutely have a filing posture. You stand like you're bracing for a door to not open."
"Eat your oatmeal. I have calls."
She took the coffee to the front room. East-facing window already bright, evaporative panels humming their low insufficient hum. She pulled up the compact's dispute protocol on the second screen. Article 14, Section 3: any signatory party may challenge an operating notice within 96 hours of issuance on grounds of material inadequacy to treaty-protected resources.
Ninety-six hours. Four days. She could file. She had filed before. The protocol required her to specify the resource and provide supporting data. Resource: spring/summer Chinook, Snake River ESU. Inadequacy: thermal. Data needed: real-time temperature monitoring at the lower Snake sites showing sustained exceedances above 20°C during the migration window.
She had last year's data. The year before's. A decade of temperature records showing the lower Snake running 21, 22, 23 degrees through July and August while the flow targets were met. Every year. Volume adequate. River lethal.
The compact board had reviewed her challenges and found the flow targets met. Temperature exceedances noted. Reported within 72 hours. Filed.
No operational constraint implied.
She opened a message to Alahmoot. The Period 3 notice dropped. Dworshak at 620. You saw it.
Four minutes. Lapwai, not the Clearwater site.
I saw it. 620 is what's there.
620 doesn't cool the lower Snake below 20 for more than three weeks. You know that.
I know that. File your challenge. I won't oppose it.
You won't support it either.
Della. The challenge asks for a temperature constraint. A temperature constraint at the current Dworshak volume means reduced generation at the four lower sites. My people need that generation. You know that too.
She knew it. Alahmoot's communities on the Clearwater were power-starved. The sovereign's grid allocation to tribal seats had been cut twice in three years. Each cut framed as temporary. Neither reversed. The apparatus that made the cuts ran on its own logic and the logic did not include a field for reversal. Alahmoot had been arguing for repairing the derelict lower Snake dams because his people needed the megawatt-hours. Every time Della argued for breaching those same dams to restore fish passage, she was arguing against his lights, his cooling, his medical refrigeration. Same senior water claim. Both right. The river couldn't give both.
If the run dies, the claim dies with it, she typed.
If my people can't cool their homes in August, some of them die too. You want me to rank those?
She stared at the screen. The ranking was the thing the compact existed to avoid, and the compact was failing to avoid it, and the failure lived in seven words in Appendix C. From the kitchen: the spoon against the bowl, deliberate, unhurried. The girl ate like someone who'd been taught that food was not guaranteed. She had been. Della had taught her. Della's own daughter had not been taught that and had learned it the wrong way and had not survived the learning.
She closed the message. Opened the challenge template.
Article 14, Section 3. Material inadequacy. Treaty-protected resource: anadromous fish, spring/summer Chinook, Snake River ESU. Basis: thermal conditions at lower Snake monitoring sites are projected to exceed 20°C for the majority of the Period 3 migration window under the authorized Dworshak draft volume of 620 kaf, rendering the flow targets biologically insufficient despite volumetric adequacy.
Despite volumetric adequacy. The right number of acre-feet of the wrong water. Too warm. Wrong calendar. A threshold that measured the container and not what was inside it.
Ghost-feet.
She filed the challenge and went to make more coffee. The Successor had washed her bowl and left it on the rack, upside down, the way Della had taught her.
II. MARGO
The notice populated on Margo's primary screen at 05:12, three minutes after the Bonneville shift change. She was still holding the paper cup the night operator had left on the console like a relay baton. Commissary blend. Tasted like it had been roasted by someone who'd read about coffee but held a grudge against it. She drank it. The coffee was adequate.
She read the notice once for the numbers, once for what they were standing in front of. Lower Granite 87. McNary 224. The Dalles 218. Dworshak 620. She pulled the current conditions overlay. Bonneville forebay at 73.2 feet. Outflow 196 kcfs. Generation flow 141 kcfs. Spill 48 kcfs. Water temperature at the forebay sensor: 19.4°C.
Nineteen-four at Bonneville in late June. Nine years at this console or consoles like it. The number used to surprise her.
The Custodian materialized at her shoulder. He did that. Appeared without sound, as if the facility generated him from its own infrastructure the way it generated electricity: mechanically, on schedule.
"Period 3," he said.
"Period 3."
"Dworshak's light."
"Dworshak's what's there."
He nodded. The Custodian did not editorialize. He maintained. He kept the sovereign's terrestrial systems running: grid interface, communication backbone, the monitoring network that fed data to the orbital platform and received instructions that were, increasingly, instructions to continue doing what they were already doing.
"Fish-count window opens in an hour," he said. "Ladders are clear."
"How many yesterday?"
"Spring Chinook, 340. Steelhead, 12. Sockeye, zero. Lamprey, zero. Shad, four thousand and change, but nobody's asking about shad."
"Nobody's ever asking about shad."
"Shad are doing great. Shad are having a banner year. If the compact measured success by shad we'd all get a raise."
Three-forty spring Chinook. In the years she'd been counting, that number had been 2,000 and then 1,400 and then 800 and then 500 and now 340. The trend was the trend. The operating notice on her screen was calibrated to a model that remembered 2,000.
The compact's allocation framework — the Columbia River Simulation System's grandchild, three generations of code downstream from the original — had been calibrated against historical gauge records that included decades when the river was colder, the snowpack deeper, the cold pool larger, the fish more numerous. The model had been updated. Inputs revised. But the architecture had been built in a world where 87 kcfs at Lower Granite meant something different than it meant now. The model remembered a river. The river didn't remember the model.
Margo executed the dispatch. Entered the Period 3 parameters into the generation schedule, confirmed spill protocols, verified fish-passage configurations, transmitted the operational update to the four downstream projects still manned, the six automated, and the three on the Snake that were derelict and received nothing but were still, technically, in the system's topology. Their data fields populated with zeros the model treated as data.
Eleven minutes. Routine. The routine was what kept the lights on in Portland, where people ate three meals whenever they wanted in climate-controlled rooms and did not think about forebay temperature.
She finished the dispatch. Coffee was cold. Forebay had ticked to 19.5.
She opened the other screen. The one she kept minimized during shifts and opened only when the Custodian was elsewhere and the control room was quiet. The control room at Bonneville in 2069 was a place where two people managed what thirty used to manage, and the quiet was not peace but arithmetic.
Text field. Response field. Cursor.
The Period 3 allocation satisfies the volume thresholds. The thermal data says the run is functionally dead at those volumes. What would you do?
Four seconds. The AI had been trained on August's journal. Forty years of field notes, policy arguments, letters, margin annotations. The entire cognitive output of a man who had spent his life on this river and died on it. Margo had digitized it herself over two years, feeding pages into a system that learned to speak in her brother's patterns. She had told herself it was archival. She had told herself it was for the record.
"The volume thresholds are the wrong instrument. They measure the container. The fish live in the content. You know this. You've known it longer than the compact has existed. The question is what you're willing to lose by doing what you already know is right."
It sounded like him. That was the problem. August had been dead for twenty-three years and the thing on the screen was a pattern trained on his patterns, and it was telling her what she already knew in a voice she couldn't stop opening the door for.
She closed the interface. Pulled up the fish-count display. The ladder cameras showed gray-green water moving through the viewing window. Empty. Counters not yet on shift. In an hour the count would begin. Fifty minutes of every hour, 4 a.m. to 8 p.m., April through October. The counters would count what came through and multiply by 1.2 to account for the ten minutes they weren't watching. The number would feed the model. The model would remember what the river had stopped being.
Forebay read 19.5. Dispatch sent. She picked up the cold commissary coffee and drank the rest of it standing up.
III. TAM
He'd been awake since before the light, which in late June in the upper Grande Ronde meant since about four-fifteen. Lying on the pad in Fern's lean-to with the thermal sensor log open on his tablet and the sound of the spring doing what the spring did.
It ran cold and clear out of the basalt fracture sixty meters upslope and down through the draw where Fern had built her beds. 11.2°C at the sensor he'd placed at the outflow point three weeks ago. Half a degree of variation in that time.
Eleven-two. The ambient stream temperature in the Grande Ronde mainstem, four kilometers east, had hit 24.6 yesterday afternoon. Differential: 13.4 degrees. The spring-fed draw was a different country. Groundwater-cooled, basalt-filtered, holding steady while everything around it climbed toward lethal.
Fern was already in the garden. He could hear her between the beds. Amaranth shoulder-high, sorghum coming in, dryland beans setting in the lower terrace where she'd built the shade structure from old fence wire and salvaged shade cloth that had been, in a previous life, a highway department road-crew tent. She worked the early hours because by ten the air would be over 40 and the garden's microclimate, spring-cooled as it was, couldn't hold against that. She'd be inside by ten-thirty, sleeping through the worst, back out after sundown to water and weed by headlamp. Her day was shaped by the heat the way a streambed is shaped by water. Not by choice. By the physics of what the body could sustain.
She didn't know what the spring meant to anyone but her. She knew it kept her beds alive. She knew it kept the draw cool enough to sleep in. She knew the water tasted clean and stayed cold and that the prickly pear along the upper bank was the best she'd seen anywhere in the Blues — fat pads she harvested with channel-lock pliers and a leather glove, the fruit coming in red and sweet in September if the wasps didn't get it first. She did not know that the thermal data Tam was collecting made her draw one of the most significant cold-water refugia documented in the upper basin in the last decade. She did not know that the data, if transmitted, would appear on Della's desk as evidence and on someone else's desk as a coordinate.
The allocation notice had reached Tam through the church's relay at 05:30. He read it the way Della had taught him years ago, when he was twenty-two and she was sixty-seven and she'd handed him a stack of old BiOp flow tables and said, Learn what the numbers are hiding. He'd learned. Eighty-seven kcfs at Lower Granite described a volume of water passing a point. Said nothing about the temperature. The temperature was what killed or didn't kill the fish. The compact had built its entire enforcement architecture on the number that didn't kill and left the number that did in an appendix marked advisory.
He pulled up his own data. Three weeks of continuous thermal monitoring at the spring outflow. Three weeks of ambient at the mainstem site. The differential plotted clean and steady: the spring held at 11-12°C while the mainstem climbed from 19 to 24 and would keep climbing through July and August until the heat broke or the flow dropped or both.
If he sent this to Della, it was exactly what she needed. Proof that the allocation's volume thresholds were thermally meaningless. Proof that the river was running hot enough to block migration while the compact's numbers showed adequacy. A reference site demonstrating what cold water actually looked like in this basin, making the gap between the institutional unit and the biological reality visible as a structural choice, not a modeling error.
And if he sent it, the data would include the thermal signature. Even stripped of coordinates, the signature was a fingerprint. A spring-fed system holding at 11.2 in the upper Grande Ronde in late June, with a 13-degree differential against the mainstem, at an elevation consistent with the basalt contact zone. Anyone with access to the compact's monitoring network and a topographic model could narrow that to a handful of candidate draws. Three. Maybe five. Enough to send someone walking.
Sparrow had told him, sitting on a rock outside the Heppner relay station with a cup of pine-needle tea she drank not because she liked it but because she'd run out of everything else three days ago and refused to admit it: The truth handed to a group that needs it becomes the group's weapon. You hand them a map, they'll use it. That's not a flaw. That's what maps are for. The question is whether you can live with what they use it for.
Fern was pulling the drip line from the sorghum bed to the bean terrace. The hose scraped against gravel. She was humming. Not music. The sound of a body comfortable with its motion. She had never seen a spring Chinook run. She had been born into this heat, this scarcity, this landscape, and she had made something grow in it, and the something was alive because no one with a spreadsheet knew it was there.
He could strip the coordinates. Remove GPS tags from the sensor metadata, delete elevation markers, leave the temperature readings and timestamps and differential calculations. Enough to prove the argument. Not enough to find the spring.
He could also do the math on how long that would hold. A competent analyst with the compact's monitoring database and a DEM of the upper Grande Ronde could cross-reference the thermal signature against known spring-fed systems and generate a candidate list in an afternoon. Stripped data was still a map. Blurry. But a map.
He started building the file.
IV. DELLA
The compact's response came at 09:40. Fast. Someone had been waiting for her to file.
"Re: Article 14 Challenge, Period 3 Operating Notice. The Compact Water Quality Board acknowledges receipt of the challenge filed by the Yakama-Confederated signatory delegation. Preliminary review finds that the challenged operating notice satisfies all volumetric thresholds established under the 2063 Compact Flow Protocol. The challenge cites thermal inadequacy as the basis for material inadequacy. The Board notes that temperature parameters under Appendix C are designated as monitoring parameters and do not constitute operational constraints under the current protocol framework. The challenge is referred to the Technical Review Panel for assessment. Estimated review period: 45-60 days."
Forty-five to sixty days. The migration window was ninety. By the time the review panel convened, the spring Chinook would have entered the lower Snake or they wouldn't. They'd hit 22-degree water or they wouldn't. They'd find cold-water refuge or they wouldn't. The review would produce a finding. The finding would be noted. Next year's operating notice would look the same.
She walked to the kitchen. The Successor was at the table with a book and a glass of water, reading in the mid-morning heat. Evaporative panels laboring. House at 31 degrees and holding. The girl had found the book in the Sunnyside trade library — pre-collapse novel, cracked spine, cover showing a city skyline at night with every window lit. Della had seen her studying that cover image for a long time before opening it. All those lights on at once.
"Did it work?" the girl asked without looking up.
"What."
"Whatever you filed this morning. The door."
"The door is on a forty-five-day review cycle. The fish need it open now."
"So it didn't work."
"It's in the record."
"Does the record matter to the fish?"
Della poured water from the filtered pitcher and drank it standing, the way she drank everything, the way her father had, quickly, as if the glass might be needed for something else. The water was cool. The system worked. Small enough to maintain. Local enough to control. Invisible enough that no one had incorporated it into a larger allocation scheme.
"The record matters because next year I file again," she said. "And the year after. And eventually the record is so long and so consistent that the review panel can't refer it to itself anymore."
"And the fish?"
"The argument takes longer than the fish."
"So the fish die while the argument gets longer."
"Yes."
"And you keep filing."
"Yes."
The girl held her gaze, then went back to her book. She turned to a scene set in a restaurant — Della could see from the angle — people eating at a table with candles. The Successor studied it the way she'd studied the lit skyline. Not longing. The careful attention of someone cataloging artifacts from a civilization she'd been born too late to verify.
Della's tablet chimed. Routed through the church's relay network. At least three nodes. The sender wanted it that way.
Thermal data. Three weeks of continuous monitoring. A spring-fed site in the upper basin, coordinates stripped, holding at 11.2°C against a mainstem ambient of 24.6. Differential plotted clean and steady. A cold-water refuge. Documented proof that the river the compact was managing and the river that actually existed were two different rivers. One made of volume. One made of temperature.
She knew who sent it. She knew what it cost him to send it. She knew the stripped coordinates were a gesture, not a wall.
She saved the file and attached it to the Article 14 challenge as supplemental evidence, addendum filed within the 96-hour window.
"Supplemental thermal monitoring data from upper basin reference site demonstrating sustained cold-water refuge conditions at spring-fed location. Site coordinates withheld pending refuge-site protection protocol development. Data demonstrates 13.4°C differential between spring-fed refuge and ambient mainstem conditions, confirming that volumetric adequacy under the Period 3 allocation does not correspond to thermal adequacy for anadromous fish migration."
Refuge-site protection protocol. A protocol that didn't exist. By citing it she was asserting it should exist. A protocol that, if it ever existed, would require the compact to acknowledge that some places in the basin survived because they were invisible, and that making them visible in order to protect them was the same mechanism that made them vulnerable. The protocol would have to protect a place by officially not seeing it. Institutions cannot do that. Institutions exist to see.
She sent the addendum and closed the tablet and looked at the Successor, who was reading about people eating dinner by candlelight in a world where every window was lit.
V. MARGO
In Portland, 140 kilometers downstream, a woman whose name Margo would never know was eating a second breakfast at a counter made of reclaimed fir. Thermostat at 21°C because it was always at 21°C. Watching a feed that did not include the Basin Compact Seasonal Operating Notice because the operating notice was not content. Her electricity came from the river. Her water came from the river. Her breakfast, insofar as the grain had been irrigated, came from the river. The river came to her as a bill, paid automatically, in digital dollars that cleared without friction. The bill had not changed in a way she'd noticed. The forebay temperature at Bonneville was not a number that existed in her life. She ate her eggs.
At Bonneville, the fish count for the first full window came in. Spring Chinook, 28 in the first hour. Expanded to 34. Margo logged it. The number joined the other numbers. The numbers fed the model. The model set the thresholds. The thresholds were what the operating notice satisfied. The operating notice was what she had dispatched this morning into a river that was 19.7 degrees at the forebay and climbing.
The Custodian came back with a maintenance report. Powerhouse 2, Unit 13 exciter. Bearing temperature trending high. Scheduled downtime recommended within the week.
"Schedule it," she said.
"That drops generation capacity by 70 megawatts during the maintenance window. BPA dispatch will want to compensate from The Dalles or John Day."
"Then they'll compensate."
"The compensation increases flow through The Dalles spillway. TDG goes up."
"How much?"
"Modeling says 121, maybe 122 percent saturation at peak."
"Above threshold."
"Above threshold." He paused. The Custodian's pauses were architectural. He used them the way other people used profanity. "We fix the machine that makes power, we break the threshold that protects fish. We don't fix the machine, the machine breaks itself, we lose the power anyway and break the threshold later, worse. Pick your sequence."
Fix the generator, increase the spill, gas the water, stress the fish. Don't fix the generator, lose the capacity, scramble later, stress the fish worse. Every path through this building ended at the same trade-off. The container and the content. She could hear August saying it. The pattern of August saying it. She didn't need to open that screen to hear it and she wasn't going to.
"Schedule the maintenance," she said. "Flag the TDG exceedance potential in the daily report. Note it as a temporary operational deviation within the maintenance protocol."
"Noted."
"And the fish count. Log it as 34 expanded."
"Logged."
He left. She sat with the screens. Outflow 196 kcfs. Generation 141. Spill 48. Forebay 73.2. Temperature 19.7. Fish count, first window, 34 spring Chinook expanded. All within protocol. The protocol built on a model that remembered a river cold enough to swim in.
Thirty-four fish. She wrote the number on the shift log in pen because the shift log was paper because the Custodian insisted on paper because paper didn't need the grid to be readable and the grid was the thing they were here to maintain and you didn't build your record-keeping on the thing you were recording about. He was right about that. He was right about most operational things. He was wrong about the commissary coffee, which he claimed was improving.
The forebay held at 19.7. She picked up the pen and wrote the temperature next to the fish count. The paper didn't have a field for that either. She made one.
VI. TAM
The file was built. Coordinates stripped, GPS tags removed, elevation markers deleted. Temperature readings, timestamps, differential calculations. Enough to prove the argument. Not enough to find the spring.
He could hear Fern working the lower terrace. Scrape of hose against gravel. Creak of juniper poles as she tied off a bean vine. The spring underneath everything, running at 11.2 degrees because the basalt didn't care what the compact's operating notice said and the groundwater didn't care what the model remembered and the fracture that fed this draw had been doing this since before the dams were built and would do it after the dams were gone, if anyone was left to notice.
Fern came around the sorghum bed. Hands dirty, face flushed from the heat building toward the ten o'clock wall. She looked at him sitting in the lean-to with the tablet and she didn't ask what he was deciding. She'd known since he started placing sensors. She knew the way she knew when the wasps were going to get the prickly pear fruit before she did. By watching what was circling.
"The fish need it," he said.
"I know."
"The review panel takes forty-five days. The migration window is now."
"I know."
"If I wait—"
"You already built the file, Tam."
He looked at her. Dirt under the nails. A scratch on her forearm from the shade-cloth wire. Twenty-six years old. She had built a garden on ground the risk-multiple had zeroed and she was standing in it watching him decide whether to make it visible.
"Send it," she said.
He sent it.
The confirmation pulsed once and the file entered the church's relay mesh and bounced through three nodes and left his hands. It was data now. Evidence. A thermal signature that would land on Della's tablet in Toppenish and attach to a challenge that would be reviewed in forty-five days by a panel that would find the flow targets met. The temperature exceedances would be noted. The record would hold what the record could hold. And somewhere in the record, a spring-fed draw in the upper Grande Ronde that held at 11.2 degrees while the river around it ran lethal. A coordinate that didn't exist yet but could be derived. A place that had survived by being invisible and had just become slightly less so.
Fern watched the screen go dark. Turned back to the garden.
"Hand me the line," she said.
He picked up the drip hose and pulled it toward the lower terrace. The gravel scraped under the rubber. The spring ran cold behind them. The beans needed water.
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Cold-water refuge limits: A Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission study found that cold-water refuges in the upper Grande Ronde averaged 5.8°C cooler than ambient water but could support only a fraction of the basin's juvenile salmon capacity due to shallow depth, low velocity, and fine sediment.
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Snowpack as river calendar: Washington's statewide snowpack on March 5, 2026 ranked as the third-lowest since modern records began in 1985, with effects varying sharply by individual basin and month rather than arriving as a single statewide shortage signal.
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Temperature versus volume: The EPA's Columbia and lower Snake temperature TMDL treats heat itself as the pollutant load, finding temperature impairments across nearly 900 river miles even when flow-volume targets are met.
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Summer grid timing: WECC's 2026 summer reliability assessment finds the Northwest faces elevated shortfall risk concentrated in August and September, with projected peak demand up 4.6% over the prior summer forecast, precisely when salmon migration and cooling demand compete for the same hydropower.